People are Born Homosexual Essay Example for Free

People are Born Homosexual Essay Homosexuality is not just a contemporary ideology or behaviour of people. It has been present even during the ancient Grecian times, and the early African and Native American tribes. In some Native American tribes, a man dressed as a woman was treated with great respect because they were considered to be spiritually gifted (Bidstrup, 2001). In some African tribes, masturbation and other homosexual behaviours between young boys were even tolerated (Bidstrup, 2001). They saw these actions as innocent and nothing but child-play. In the ancient Greek and Roman civilization, same sex relationships were accepted. It was not unusual to see men kissing other men in public. This tolerance was somehow changed upon the intrusion of the English. They introduced the idea that same sex relationships and behaviours were immoral. Thus, some of these people repressed these behaviours until it became taboo even today. Homosexuality is different from sexual orientation. It is a specific type of the sexual orientation of an individual. Sexual orientation is the degree to which an individual is attracted to persons of the other sex and/or to the persons of the same sex (Smith, et al, 2003). Homosexuality, on the other hand, is the attraction of an individual to the same sex and heterosexuality is the attraction to the opposite sex. The origin of homosexuality has been debated for a long time now. There were psychologists and scientists who support the idea that sexual orientation is innate. On the other hand, some say that environmental factors play a great deal of importance in determining an individual’s sexual orientation and not innate ones. But which one is true? Let me first discuss the history of homosexuality in order to have a better understanding on it. Why is it sacred and ordinary in the past? Do these histories prove the existence of innate and environmental factors in influencing an individual’s sexual orientation? Homosexuality in Prehistoric Africa According to some early text during the Inquisition period, African tribes accepted homosexuality in their culture. Even one of these tribes, the Hausa people, had terms to describe homosexuals: ‘Yan dauda which describes a transvestite and ‘dan dauda which can be translated as homosexual ‘wife’ (Bidstrup, 2001). In this tribe, they engaged in male prostitution. These male prostitutes did not have ‘pimps’ but they engaged in prostitution if an opportunity arises. There were other tribes in Africa where boys engaging in homosexual activities were considered to be innocent. They considered themselves virgins at marriage despite having experience in homosexual activities. There were also tribes where they expect men to engage in sexual activities with other men like the Bantu-speaking people of Africa. Homosexuality among Native Americans There were a significant number of men wearing women clothes in Native American tribes. These men were called Two-Spirits because they embody the two sexes the male and the female. They were respected because Native Americans believed that these men were special gifts by the God. They believed that these men have insights regarding spiritual matters. They were considered to be prophets who were able to understand the realm of both man and woman (Bidstrup, 2001). Homosexuality in Ancient Greece and Rome It was known that the Roman Empire did not tolerate homosexuality in the society. But this belief is wrong. Like the ancient Greeks, Romans also accepted men having relationships with men. It was believed that the Roman Empire declined when the tolerance on homosexuality increased. On the contrary, when it was ruled by the Senate, it was discovered that Romans had a high tolerance on homosexuality (Bidstrup, 2001). In Ancient Greece, they believed that masculinity and feminity was not two separate essences. They believed that the sex of an individual was actually the combination of both masculinity and feminity. Therefore, homosexuality was not an issue for Greeks. They do not find men kissing other men in public an unusual scene. They accept men getting married with another man and having sexual intercourse with them. Thus, we can find a large number of literature and art regarding homosexuality in these civilizations. This brief history on the presence of homosexuality among individuals proves that homosexuality is not just a mere trend brought by contemporary ideals. It has been part of our society since the dawn of man. Also, these histories show that homosexuality may be in-born and may also be influenced due to environmental factors. Despite the primitive nature of prehistoric Africans, some men were able to find themselves attracted to other men. It is possible that innate factors played in this instinctive behaviour of being attracted to the same sex. Another illustration is apparent influence of environmental factors. The Greeks’ wide acceptance of man-to-man relationships and their beliefs on gender and sexuality influenced men’s sexual orientation. Innate Factors in Sexual Orientation Psychologists say that childhood gender nonconformity is a phenomenon that shows the innateness of sexual orientation. Childhood gender nonconformity is when an individual enjoys activities typical of the other sex and most of their friends are the other sex. It was also found that adults who experienced gender nonconformity report that they had not been masculine (for men) or feminine (for women) when they were children (Smith, et al, 2003). Another evidence is the presence of a gene present in homosexuals. It was observed that gay brothers often tend to share the same X-chromosome Xq28 (Deem, 2009). This finding suggests that this gene may affect male’s sexual orientation. Environmental Factors on Sexual Orientation One evidence of environmental factors acting as determinants of sexual orientation is the nurture aspect in child development. It is said that parents play a role in the gender identity and sexual orientation development of a child. But this theory is not strongly supported by scientific studies. Another evidence is the exotic-becomes-erotic theory of Daryll Bem of Cornell University. In this theory, he believes that sexual orientation is socially determined. Thus, environment plays a role in sexual orientation development. But we should also take into account that EBE theory addresses the innateness of sexual orientation. EBE theory suggests that genes and hormones cause differences in a child’s temperament. The difference would determine if the child will be engrossed in activities typical to his/her own sex or to the other sex. When the child spends more time with the opposite sex, they feel similar with the opposite sex and become alienated with the same sex. This exotic feeling then becomes an erotic feeling when the child grows. Although the evidence for environmental factors is weak, Bem’s EBE theory supports the existence of both factors. Homosexuality isn’t just inborn in an individual, environmental factors also play a role. It is the interplay of these two factors that differences in sexual orientation are possible. References Beem, R. (2009). Genetics and homosexuality: Are people born gay? The biological basis for sexual orientation. Godandscience. org. Retrieved March 30, 2009, from http://www. godandscience. org/evolution/genetics_of_homosexuality. html Beem’s essay focused on the innateness of sexual orientation. It discussed related brain and twin studies and other scientific studies that support the innateness of sexual orientation. Bidstrup, S. (2001). Saint Aelred the queer: The surprising history of homosexuality and homophobia. Bidstrup. com. Retrieved at March 30, 2009, from http://www. bidstrup.com/phobiahistory. htm Bidstrup discussed the history of homosexuality and homophobia in this essay. He talked about the ancient tribes and civilizations that tolerated homosexuality and why it has become oppressed in these groups. Smith, E. E. ; Nolen-Hoeksema, S. ; Fredrickson, B. and Loftus, G. R. (2003). Atkinson Hilgard’s Introduction to Psychology. (14th ed. ). Australia: Thomson Wadsworth. Smith’s textbook covers general psychology lectures like emotions, learning, and motivation. It provides specific and up-to-date examples and applications of terms, theories, and definitions.

The Root of the Narcotics Problem in the United States :: essays research papers

THE ROOT OF THE NARCOTICS PROBLEM IN THE UNITED STATES The United States is suffering from an epidemic caused by the use of drugs. The majority of criminals in the prison system are convicted on drug charges, and the majority of the population has been exposed to at least one type of illegal substance. The main problem that the United States faces in the War on Drugs is the lack of education to the citizens on the dangers that the drug trade poses to the individual and the mass population.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American child is bombarded by scenes on the television that depict the glamour of the drug world; the way that drugs make people feel good and the easy money that can be made are only a couple of examples that are presented on television. The movie and television industry make millions of dollars every year with episodes of drug lords that are victims of law enforcement and are many times made out to be the â€Å"good guy†. This type of open media, which may seem harmless to an adult, gives the child the opinion that drugs are all right.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without proper instruction beginning at the earliest of ages, the child grows up thinking that drugs are harmless and this increases the risk of curiosity. The Department of Education mandates classes on math, reading, and science but there is no set curriculum to teach the American child about the dangers of drugs. In order to best arm children about the drug problem that will be faced in the near future, there needs to be a set standard for all students to learn about drugs and the damage that is produced from the use of the illegal substances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The damages that drugs cause does not just stop at the individual and more often than not, the users are actually responsible for greater criminal offenses. The person that is using drugs, even if only social or experimental, is supporting a crime spree that is taking away the life of the â€Å"American Dream†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American child will grow up and move into adulthood keeping the same idea that drugs are harmless, and this is why the drug world is tolerated and sometimes overlooked by the common citizen. Given enough education about the real dangers of the drug activity, the average American will make correct choices about the illegal activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On September 11 many American citizens were outraged and wanted to know what could be done about the War on Terrorism. The Root of the Narcotics Problem in the United States :: essays research papers THE ROOT OF THE NARCOTICS PROBLEM IN THE UNITED STATES The United States is suffering from an epidemic caused by the use of drugs. The majority of criminals in the prison system are convicted on drug charges, and the majority of the population has been exposed to at least one type of illegal substance. The main problem that the United States faces in the War on Drugs is the lack of education to the citizens on the dangers that the drug trade poses to the individual and the mass population.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American child is bombarded by scenes on the television that depict the glamour of the drug world; the way that drugs make people feel good and the easy money that can be made are only a couple of examples that are presented on television. The movie and television industry make millions of dollars every year with episodes of drug lords that are victims of law enforcement and are many times made out to be the â€Å"good guy†. This type of open media, which may seem harmless to an adult, gives the child the opinion that drugs are all right.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without proper instruction beginning at the earliest of ages, the child grows up thinking that drugs are harmless and this increases the risk of curiosity. The Department of Education mandates classes on math, reading, and science but there is no set curriculum to teach the American child about the dangers of drugs. In order to best arm children about the drug problem that will be faced in the near future, there needs to be a set standard for all students to learn about drugs and the damage that is produced from the use of the illegal substances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The damages that drugs cause does not just stop at the individual and more often than not, the users are actually responsible for greater criminal offenses. The person that is using drugs, even if only social or experimental, is supporting a crime spree that is taking away the life of the â€Å"American Dream†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American child will grow up and move into adulthood keeping the same idea that drugs are harmless, and this is why the drug world is tolerated and sometimes overlooked by the common citizen. Given enough education about the real dangers of the drug activity, the average American will make correct choices about the illegal activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On September 11 many American citizens were outraged and wanted to know what could be done about the War on Terrorism.

Facebook Addiction Essay

Facebook has come to be probably the most commonly used social networking site, nearly half of Facebook’s users view their profiles every day. Some of the users spend an unreasonable amount of their time on Facebook, whiling the hours away unnoticed, while chores to go unfinished, and even going to the extent of ignoring family and friends in the real world. Although a majority of the hundreds of millions of people use Facebook as a social networking device, it has several of negative impacts such as social isolation, communication problems, and health problems which profoundly impact the lives of the users. While Facebook addiction disorder or Facebook addiction are not medically accepted terms, the actuality of addictive behavior on Facebook is a mounting concern for scores of Facebook users, and one that psychoanalysts are seeing more regularly in their patients. According to Fenichel, if you have found that sharing, connecting and learning through Facebook has replaced all avenues of learning and communicating and in your life, it is a possibility that you have Facebook addiction Disorder. There are a variety of ways which can be used to fight Facebook addiction. Citation proposed that an addict should: Understand the symptoms of Facebook addiction and assert that it is necessary to make changes, re-examine your priorities, spend more time with family and friends to keep your mind off the computer, look for another outlet in life or learn new things, limit the amount of time spent checking your account, instead of using Facebook to communicate with your friends, send them text messages or call them so as to reduce the time spent online, and lastly seek professional help (Fenichel). Facebook as a new phenomenon is here to stay, however, as this paper has shown, a lot of care needs to be taken in the use of it in people’s everyday lives. Facebook has negative effects on a person’s life which cannot be taken lightly. This paper has also shown that although Facebook addiction is a serious matter. However, it is not all doom and gloom as there are viable remedies which can be employed in order to overcome Facebook addiction.

Racism in America Essay - 3742 Words

Running head: RACISM 1 Racism in Our Society Liberty University Online HSER 509 Multicultural Issues in Human Services Dr. Lawrence Katz Betty J. Saby December 16, 2012 Racism in our society Racism in our society has a long deeply rooted history. It has been in every part of our society and appears not to be getting any better. In order to fully understand racism one must look at the root cause of racism and the effects it has on an individual and a group. One must also look at the big picture of why there is the need for one group of people to think they are more superior than another and how it continues to progress. Experiencing racism is a traumatic experience and is something†¦show more content†¦Research on structural racism should not only focus on independent effects but also should address interactions among multiple forms of racism. Further, it is likely that forms of racism may reinforce one another, and efforts to dismantle one system may yield little effect without simultaneous efforts on another system. The study of single forms of racism would lead to an incomplete understanding and, potentially worse, biased estimates (Sacerdote, 2005). For insta nce, assume that five forms of racism fully account for health disparities, but an intervention only targets one form. That intervention may show no effect simply because it is incomplete and potentially lead to the erroneous conclusion that anti-racism efforts fail. Hence, it is absolutely critical to consider the multiple forms of racism (Sacerdote, 2005). Internalized Racism Internalized racism refers to the acceptance, by marginalized racial populations, of the negative societal beliefs and stereotypes about themselves. It is premised on the assumption that in a color-conscious racially stratified society, one response of populations defined as inferior would be to accept as true the dominant societys ideology of their inferiority (McVeigh, 2004). For some African Americans, the normative cultural characterization of the superiority of whiteness and the devaluing of blackness, combinedShow MoreRelatedRacism In America Racism1096 Words   |  5 PagesLeah Song Professor Dongho Cha English 161 22 October 2017 Racism in America The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended all state and local laws requiring segregation. The â€Å"whites only† signs have ceased to lurk over water fountains, bathrooms, and restaurant counters. However, that is only on legal terms and paperwork. Many Americans don’t want to admit it, but segregation is still around. Sometimes by design or by choice. The 21st century segregation exists only in our school systems and communities. ItRead MoreRacism In America1047 Words   |  5 Pages Many people believe that racism in America is an issue of the past. Slavery has been abolished, segregation is no longer prevalent, and the last president of the United States was African American. While these facts prove that the U.S. has come a long way since the development of Jim Crow Laws and the â…â€" Compromise, racism has still not been defeated. In the past, America’s political system made it possible for racism and slavery to thrive. Today, America does not allow for segregation or discriminationRead MoreRacism In America1187 Words   |  5 PagesRacism has shaped societies since the beginning of time, as far back as the children of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Even then, people living in the land of Goshen were subjugated to racism because of their differences. From Hitler and the Nazis to the Southern American slave owners, prejudice of one race against another has resulted in atrocities. Racism has shaped the form of our present day societies. Racism will likely never be completely removed from our society it will always exist. However,Read MoreRacism in America1431 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Racism in America Introduction Is racism still a problem in America more than fifty years after the Civil Rights Movement, and 48 years after the 1964 Civil Rights Act signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson? How far has America come from the days when African Americans were lynched by fanatical racist mobs and from the days when Jim Crowe laws trumped the laws set forth by the U.S. Constitution? This paper delves into those and other issues involving racism in America. Thesis: AmericanRead MoreRacism in America3085 Words   |  13 PagesRacism has taken on several forms in America over the past several hundred years. The most substantial or well known is the plight of the African American slaves and the injustices they suffered. Today, a new form of racism is developing; one that has always been around but has now entered the forefront of most Americans minds. This new racism is against members of the Middle Eastern culture and religion. The actions of September 11th have not created a new problem, they have just shed lightRead MoreRacism in America3527 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿ Racism in America Alton Dawson Liberty University Abstract The purpose of this research is to show the effects of racism in America. Racism is defined as one group assumes superiority over other groups that develop attitudes of arrogance and ignorance. Despite many laws and legislation attempts to eliminate the evils of racism, the problem focuses on the cultural differences of race, color and biological supremacy. Racism comes in the form of ethnic cleansing, hate groups, discriminationRead MoreRacism In America1757 Words   |  8 Pagesand inequity ever felt by minority groups comes from White racism, expands it into many different examples. While reading his book, I decided to research for myself if his opinions were just that, or had evidence and facts. What I found was a combination. As much as I would love to say that racism hasn’t existed in this country since 1964, that’s unfortunately not true. And while that is true, the bulk of the evidence pointed away from racism in the sense that White people were trying to take powerRead MoreRacism in America2427 Words   |  10 PagesThere is surely no nation in the world that holds racism in greater horror than does the United States. Compared to other kinds of offenses, it is thought to be somehow more reprehensible. The press and public have become so used to tales of murder, rape, robbery, and arson, that any but the most spectacular crimes are shrugged off as part of the inevitable texture of American life. Racism is never shrugged off. For example, when a White Georgetown Law School student reported earlier this yearRead MoreRacism In America1868 Words   |  8 PagesRacism in the United States is still very alive and well. Even after fifteen decades after abolishing slavery, the United States is still a slave to its racist past. In all honestly, the United States hasn’t come to terms with its ugly racial bigotry and injustices. For example, Donald Trump was elected the 45th president; his rise to ascendancy was driven by a campaign that no t only lacked basic human decency, but was filled with xenophobia, Islamophobia and misogyny. While blacks are no longerRead MoreRacism in America Continues733 Words   |  3 Pagescomments and images have not reformed. Blacks continue to be undervalued in society. Not much has changed when it comes to social justice. Hate crimes against Blacks continue to go unpunished. America has evidently regressed when it comes to justice for Black/African Americans. One might ask; how do we know that racism hasnt ended? The evidence is obvious. â€Å"Emmett Till, who was 14 years old in the summer of 1955 when he walked into a local grocery store in Money, Miss., to buy gum. He was later roused

Guide to Using Visual Basic for Applications

One of the most outstanding qualities of Visual Basic is that its a complete development environment. Whatever you want to do, theres a flavor of Visual Basic to help you do the job! You can use Visual Basic for desktop and mobile and remote development (VB.NET), scripting (VBScript) and Office development (VBA !) If you have tried VBA and you want to know more about how to use it, this is the tutorial for you. (This course is based on the version of VBA found in Microsoft Office 2010.) If youre searching a course in Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, you have also found the right place. Check out: Visual Basic .NET 2010 Express - A From the Ground Up Tutorial VBA as a general concept will be covered in this article. Theres more to VBA than you might think! You can also find articles about the Office VBA sisters: There are basically two way to develop programs that can work with Office applications: VBA and VSTO. In October 2003, Microsoft introduced an enhancement to the professional programming environment Visual Studio .NET called Visual Studio Tools for Office - VSTO. But even though VSTO leverages the considerable advantages of .NET in Office, VBA remains more popular than VSTO. VSTO requires the use of the Professional or higher version of Visual Studio - which will probably cost you more than the Office application youre using - in addition to the Office application. But since VBA is integrated with the host Office application, you dont need anything else. VBA is used primarily by Office experts who want to make their work faster and easier. You seldom see large systems written in VBA. VSTO, on the other hand, is used by professional programmers in larger organizations to create Add-Ins that can be quite sophisticated. An application from a third party, like a paper company for Word or an accounting firm for Excel, is more likely to be written using VSTO. In their documentation, Microsoft notes that there are basically three reasons to use VBA: - Automation Repetition - Computers can do the same thing over and over much better and faster than people can. - Extensions to User Interaction - Do you want to suggest exactly how someone should format a document or save a file? VBA can do that. Do you want to validate what someone enters? VBA can do that too. - Interaction between Office 2010 Applications - A later article in this series is called Word and Excel Working Together. But if this is what you need, you might want to consider Office automation, that is, writing the system using VB.NET and then using the functions from an Office application like Word or Excel as needed. Microsoft has stated that they will continue to support VBA and its featured prominently in the Official Microsoft Office 2010 Development Roadmap. So you have as much assurance as Microsoft ever provides that your investment in VBA development wont be obsolete in the near future. On the other hand, VBA is the last remaining Microsoft product that depends on VB6 COM technology. Its over twenty years old now! In human years, that would make it older than Lestat the Vampire. You might see that as tried, tested and true or you might think of it as ancient, worn-out, and obsolete. I tend to favor the first description but you should be aware of the facts. The first thing to understand is the relationship between VBA and Office applications like Word and Excel. The Office application is a host for VBA. A VBA program can never be executed by itself. VBA is developed in the host environment (using the Developer tab in the Office application ribbon) and it must be executed as part of a Word document, an Excel workbook, an Access database or some other Office host. The way VBA is actually used is different too. In an application like Word, VBA is used primarily as a way to access the objects of the host environment such as accessing the paragraphs in a document with the Words Word.Document.Paragraphs object. Each host environment contributes unique objects that are not available in the other host environments. (For example, there is no workbook in a Word document. A workbook is unique to Excel.) The Visual Basic code is mainly there to make it possible to use objects customized for each Office host application. The fusion between VBA and host specific code can be seen in this code sample (taken from the Microsoft Northwind sample database) where purely VBA code is shown in red and Access specific code is shown in blue. The red code would be the same in Excel or Word but the blue code is unique to this Access application. VBA itself is almost the same as it has been for years. The way it integrates with the host Office application and the Help system has been improved more. The 2010 version of Office doesnt display the Developer tab by default. The Developer tab takes you into the part of the application where you can create VBA programs so the first thing you need to do is change that option. Simply go to the File tab, Options, Customize Ribbon and click the Developer box in Main Tabs. The Help system works much more smoothly than it has in previous versions. You can get help for your VBA questions either offline, from a system that is installed with your Office application, or online from Microsoft over the Internet. The two interfaces are designed to look a lot alike: --------Click Here to display the illustration-------- If your Internet connection is fast, the online help will give you more and better information. But the locally installed version will probably be faster and in most cases its just as good. You might want to make the local help the default and then use the online help if the local version doesnt give you what you want. The fastest way to go online is to simply select All Word (or All Excel or other app) from the Search dropdown in the help. This will immediately go online and perform the same search, but it wont reset your default selection. --------Click Here to display the illustration-------- On the next page, we get started with how to actually create a VBA program. When VBA is hosted by an application like Word or Excel, the program lives in the document file thats used by the host. For example, in Word you can save your Word macro (its not a macro, but we wont quibble about terminology right now) either in a Word document or a Word template. Now suppose this VBA program is created in Word (this simple program just changes the font to bold for a selected line) and is saved in a Word document: Sub AboutMacro() AboutMacro Macro Macro recorded 9/9/9999 by Dan Mabbutt Selection.HomeKey Unit:wdStory Selection.EndKey Unit:wdLine, Extend:wdExtend Selection.Font.Bold wdToggle Selection.EndKey Unit:wdStory End Sub In earlier versions of Office, you could clearly see the VBA code stored as part of the document file in the saved Word document by viewing it in Notepad where everything in the Word document can seen. This illustration was produced with a previous version of Word because Microsoft changed the document format in the current version and VBA program code doesnt show up clearly as plain text anymore. But the principal is the same. Similarly, if you create an Excel spreadsheet with an Excel macro it will be saved as part of an .xlsm file. --------Click Here to display the illustration-------- VBA and Security One of the most effective computer virus tricks in the past was to insert malicious VBA code into an Office document. With previous versions of Office, when a document was opened, the virus could run automatically and create havoc on your machine. This open security hole in Office was starting to impact Office sales and that really got Microsofts attention. With the current 2010 generation of Office, Microsoft has thoroughly plugged the hole. In addition to the improvements mentioned here, Microsoft has enhanced Office security in ways that you might not even notice right down to the hardware level. If youre hesitant to use VBA because you heard that it wasnt safe, be assured that Microsoft has gone the extra mile to change that now. The most important change was to create a special document type just for Office documents that include VBA programs. In Word, for example, MyWordDoc.docx cannot contain a VBA program because Word will not allow programs in a file saved with a docx file extension. The file must be saved as a MyWordDoc.docm for the VBA programming to be allowed as part of the file. In Excel, the file extension is .xlsm. To go along with this enhanced document type, Microsoft created a new security subsystem in Office called the Trust Center. Essentially, you can customize how your Office application treats documents containing VBA code in fine detail. You open the Trust Center from the Developer tab in your Office application by clicking Macro Security in the Code section of the ribbon. --------Click Here to display the illustration-------- Some of the options are designed to harden your Office applications so malicious code doesnt run and others are designed to make it easier for developers and users to use VBA without having security unnecessarily slowing things down. As you can see, there are a lot of ways that you can customize security and going through all of them is far beyond the scope of this article. Fortunately, Microsofts site has extensive documentation on this topic. And its also fortunate that the default security settings are good for most requirements. Since VBA is tied to the host Office application, you have to run it there. That topic is covered starting on the next page. How Do I Run a VBA Application Thats actually a very good question because its the first one that users of your application will ask. There are basically two ways: - If you decide not to use a control, like a Button, to start the program, then you must use the Macros command on the ribbon (Developer tab, Code group). Select the VBA program and click Run. But this might seem a little too much to some of your users. For example, you might not want the Developer tab to even be available to them. In that case ... - You need to add something that the user can click or type to start the application. In this article, we will look at the Button control. But it could be clicking a shortcut, an icon on a toolbar or even the act of entering data. These are called events and what we will write in this and later articles is event code - program code that is automatically run when some specific event - like clicking a Button control - happens. UserForms, Form Controls and ActiveX Controls If youre not just selecting a macro, the most common way to run a VBA program is to click a button. That button can either be a form control or an ActiveX control. To a degree, your choices depend on the Office application that youre using. Excel provides slightly different choices than Word, for example. But these fundamental types of controls are the same. Because it offers the most flexibility, lets look at what you can do with Excel 2010. A simple text message will be inserted into a cell when several different buttons are clicked just to make the differences more clear. To get started, create a new Excel workbook and select the Developer tab. (If you have another Office application, a variation of these instructions should work.) Click the Insert icon. Well work with the Form Controls button first. Form controls are the older technology. In Excel, they were first introduced in version 5.0 in 1993. Well work with VBA UserForms next but form controls cant be used with them. Theyre also not compatible with the web. Form controls are placed directly on the worksheet surface. On the other hand, some ActiveX controls - which we consider next - cant be used directly on worksheets. Form controls are used with a click and draw technique. Click the Button form control. The mouse pointer will change into a plus sign. Draw the control by dragging over the surface. When you release the mouse button, a dialog pops up asking for a macro command to connect with the button. --------Click Here to display the illustration-------- Especially when youre creating a control for the first time, you wont have a VBA macro waiting to be connected with the button, so click New and the VBA Editor will open with the suggested name already filled into the shell of an event subroutine. --------Click Here to display the illustration-------- To complete this very simple application, just type this VBA code statement inside the Sub: Cells(2, 2).Value Form Button Clicked An ActiveX button is almost exactly the same. One difference is that VBA places this code in the worksheet, not in a separate module. Heres the complete event code. Private Sub CommandButton1_Click() Cells(4, 2).Value ActiveX Button Clicked End Sub In addition to placing these controls directly on the worksheet, you can also add a UserForm to the project and place controls on that instead. UserForms - about the same thing as Windows forms - have a lot of advantages in being able to manage your controls more like a normal Visual Basic application. Add a UserForm to the project in the Visual Basic editor. Use the View menu or right-click in Project Explorer. --------Click Here to display the illustration-------- The default for a UserForm is to not display the form. So to make it visible (and make the controls on it available to the user), execute the Show method of the form. I added another form button just for this. Sub Button2_Click() UserForm1.Show End Sub Youll notice that the UserForm is modal by default. That means that when the form is active, everything else in the application is inactive. (Clicking the other buttons does nothing, for example.) You can change this by changing the ShowModal property of the UserForm to False. But this is getting us deeper into programming. The next articles in this series will explain more about this. The code for the UserForm is placed in the UserForm object. If you select View Code for all of the objects in Project Explorer, you will see that there are three separate Click event subroutines that are contained in three different objects. But theyre all available to the same workbook. --------Click Here to display the illustration-------- In addition to forcing an event by clicking a button, VBA is also used to react to events in the objects in the hosting application. For example, you can detect when a spreadsheet changes in Excel. Or you can detect when a row is added to a database in Access and write a program to handle that event. In addition to the familiar command buttons, text boxes, and other components that you see in programs all the time, you can add components that are actually part of your Excel spreadsheet in your Word document. Or do the reverse. This goes way beyond copy and paste. For example, you can show an Excel spreadsheet in a Word document. VBA allows you to use the whole power of one Office application in another. For example, Word has relatively simple calculation ability built in. But Excel - well - excels at calculation. Suppose you wanted to use the natural log of the Gamma function (a relatively sophisticated math calculation) in your Word document? With VBA, you can pass values to that function in Excel and get the answer back in your Word document. And you can use much more than the Office applications! If you click the More Controls icon, you can see a considerable list of things that are installed on your computer. Not all of these work out of the box and you should have the documentation for each of them available, but it gives you an idea about how broad the support is for VBA. Of all the features in VBA, there is one that is clearly more useful than any other. Find out what it is on the next page. Ive saved the best for last! Heres a technique that applies across the board to all of the Office applications. Youll find yourself using it a lot so were covering it here in the Introduction. As you start to code more sophisticated VBA programs, one of the first problems you will run into is how to find out about methods and properties of Office objects. If youre writing a VB.NET program, youll often look for code samples and examples to solve this problem. But when you consider all the different hosting applications and the fact that each of them have hundreds of new objects, you usually cant find something that exactly matches what you need to do. The answer is the Record Macro ... The basic idea is to turn on Record Macro, go through the steps of a process that is similar to what you want your program to accomplish, and then check the resulting VBA program for code and ideas. Many people make the mistake of thinking that you have to be able to record exactly the program you need. But its not at all necessary to be that exact. Its usually good enough to record a VBA program that is just close to what you want and then add the code modifications to make it do the job precisely. Its so easy and useful that I will sometimes record a dozen programs with slight differences just to see what the code differences are in the result. Remember to delete all the experiments when youre finished looking at them! As an example, I clicked Record Macro in the Word Visual Basic Editor and typed several lines of text. Heres the result. (Line continuations have been added to make them shorter.) Sub Macro1() Macro1 Macro Selection.TypeText Text: _ These are the times that Selection.TypeText Text: _ try mens souls. The Selection.TypeText Text: _ summer soldier Selection.TypeText Text: _ and the sunshine patriot Selection.TypeText Text: _ will, in these times, shrink from Selection.TypeText Text: _ the service of their country. Selection.MoveUp Unit:wdLine, Count:1 Selection.HomeKey Unit:wdLine Selection.MoveRight Unit:wdCharacter, _ Count:5, Extend:wdExtend Selection.Font.Bold wdToggle End Sub Nobody studies VBA just for itself. You always use it along with a specific Office application. So, to continue learning, there are articles here that demonstrate VBA used with both Word and Excel: - Getting Started Using VBA: The Word Working Partner - Getting Started Using VBA: The Excel Working Partner

Sacrifice in an Aging Society Essay - 5763 Words

Sacrifice in an Aging Society Our society is currently suffering from a severely limited supply of health care resources. In his State of the Union address this past January, President Bush announced that he intends to commit an additional 400 billion dollars of the budget over the next decade to reform and strengthen Medicare. Currently, Medicare provides coverage to 40 million elderly; by the year 2031, that number is expected to reach 77 million. [1] As it is, the government allocates 21.6% of its annual budget to meeting health care needs; [2] unbelievably, due to the present nature of the system, even this huge proportion of the budget is not sufficient to meet the requirements of this growing, and aging, population. Today, our†¦show more content†¦From his point of view, an age-based rationing of our resources is the only way we can effectively manage this situation. In effect, he is calling for an ethically based self-sacrifice on the part of the elderly. In this paper, I shall analyze Callahan’s proposal. Using as my final framework the lens and language of sacrifice, I intend to demonstrate not only the efficacy but also the ultimate necessity of Callahan’s proposal. I believe Callahan’s proposal is the only just solution, and even though in its practical application it will have difficult implications at first, in the long run it will be much better for society at large, not only financially but also socially and interpersonally. The Problem Unfolds A financial and economic dilemma sets the stage and poses the question: How will we address the issue of allocating this country’s limited health care resources? Were there enough funding for all persons to receive all the health care they needed throughout their entire lives, perhaps this issue would never even arise. But the reality is that we live in a land of limited resources, and this question requires serious investigation and consideration, now more than ever. Why now? What is occurring now in the world of health care resource allocation that so desperately demands our attention? A look at some statistics will reveal the staggering reality of the situation and expose the vastShow MoreRelatedComparison of the Treatment of Aging Parents by Asians American and European Americans786 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidering the cultural approach of aging in late adulthood, we see that aging adults are treated differently depending on what community or cultural background they originated from. With the increase in life expectancy, many opportunities had been provided to psychologists to conduct research and practice with aging adults (APA, 2003). This has enabled many researchers to study aging in the United States and other countries. With those researches show that coping with aging parents especially in the UnitedRead MoreImmunological Theory of Aging Essay748 Words   |  3 Pageshinder their short lives, especially those to evade the aging pro cess. With society becoming increasingly interested in everlasting beauty and living longer, the race to discover the main contributor toward aging begun in the early nineteen hundreds. In the midst of this quest, several biological theories had been developed. Among these theories is the immunity or immunological theory. This paper will discuss the immunological theory of aging by explaining the theory, giving a history of its originRead MoreWomen : A Symbol Of Sacrifice1259 Words   |  6 PagesAnn Gagne EAC457 N1B August 06, 2015 Women: A symbol of Sacrifice Why are women titled as a â€Å"symbol of sacrifice† by many religions and how? Is it because she compromise with whatever situations come in her life or that’s how God creates her. As we know, women play a crucial role in terms of sacrificing their lives and wishes in many situations. There are many reasons for sacrificing but the most important aspects where woman sacrifice is their own wishes, career and freedom. First of all, womanRead MoreCare Giving for the Mexican Elderly1016 Words   |  5 Pagesindependence and an overall good quality of life. Families friends play a big role in the lives of aging Mexican elderly, â€Å"a social network is the collection of interpersonal and communal bonds that people have throughout their lives to establish social relations that satisfy certain needs, and maintain their wellbeing† (Vladislavovna, 2010, 1) this is going to serve even more importance as the aging population is living longer and the number of older individuals is increasing. Those with a â€Å"highRead MoreEquality of Life in Kurt Vonneguts Works1074 Words   |  5 Pageshuman nature and present society. In â€Å"All the King’s Horses†, Vonnegut talks about how we are all pawns in the game of life and that man is become machine like. In â€Å"Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow† Vonnegut talks about how the future may not be as we all hope it will be, that we aren’t as advanced in technology or space travel as we hope we will be in the near or far future. He also uses irony in this short story when he uses processed seaweed and sawdust as the anti aging drug. In â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†Read MoreTuesdays With Morrie by Mitch Albom Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagestaught from a good friend. Tuesdays With Morrie is a true story of the remarkable lessons taught by a dying professor, Morrie Schwartz, to his pupil, Mitch Albom. Morrie teaches Mitch the lessons of life, lessons such as death, fear, aging, greed, marriage, family, society, forgiveness, and a meaningful life. This is a story of a special bond of friendship that was lost for many years, but never forgotten and simply picked up again at a crucial time of both Morries and Mitchs lives. Mitch wasRead MoreMany Americans Prepare For Adulthood By Pursuing Careers,1550 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual. Furthermore, care takers play an imperative role in the lives of aging adults. According to Paula Span (2015), in her newspaper article â€Å"Caregivers Sometimes Must Sacrifice Their Careers† â€Å"an estimated 34 million Americans cared for someone over age 50 in the past year† (2015). In essence, Spans argument is that children of aging adults are forced to miss work or even give up their jobs/careers to help take care of their aging parents. In fact, the responsibilities of taking care of another individualRead MoreLong-Term Care vs. Home Care1514 Words   |  7 PagesShackleford 11/02/2012 Abstract: The decision of whether or not to place an aging parent into a long-term care facility, or to try and to keep them in their own home or yours is one that many American families are facing each day. Factors in dealing with this decision are too numerous to count but we will address a few of them in the following paper, like the financial aspects, psychosocial, and meeting the overall needs of our ever aging parents. Long-term care facilities are a traditional approachRead MoreAging Population : A Social Problem944 Words   |  4 PagesAging population is now a worldwide issue for both under-developed and developed countries. This has created many implications for health care and government policies. In this essay, I will start with an introduction of what aging population is all about. The next paragraph will highlight why our aging society is seen as a social problem in relation to social, economic and political effects and ways in which the state can respond to this aging population issues. An ageing population is â€Å"definedRead MoreIsolation : A Strong Link On Social Relationships And Health848 Words   |  4 Pagesthe extreme consequences of isolation. Like captives, elders who become isolated as a result of geographic location, disability, family dysfunction or a shirking family experience similar psychological and physical disintegration. However, as a society, we have the aptitude to improve if not prevent elder degeneration into isolation. I would argue the pillars of encouragement, concern, veneration, and, policy, which stand on the foundation of societal desire is the formula for the prevention of

Politics Of Organizational Decisions Making - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Politics Of Organizational Decision-Making. Answer: Introduction: Decision-making is one of the integral part of the modern management system. Making of a rational and sound decision is one of the significant responsibilities of a consultant or a manger (Hwang and Masud 2012). The decisions make up as one of vital roles since it is fundamental in the determination of the operational and the managerial activities of an organization. It can also be defined as a course of actions that has been purposely selected to help an organization achieve its objectives and goals. Decision-making is a continuous and never-ending process that constantly works to manage the organizational activities (Zsambok 2014). This report deals with a case study to help understand and analyze the methods of decision making as well as the considerations that can be taken to make the relevant and rational decisions that can positively affect the performance and the operations of the organization. This report analyses about an industrial [product manufacturing company and its motive to introduce a new product along with the possibilities and certainties that can be considered to make the essential decisions related to its business and the operations. The purpose of this report is to help understand and analyze the crucial factors that need to be considered to make the significant and vital decisions in terms of managing the performance, productivity and the operations of the organization. Overview of the company and the situation analysis This case study revolves around the Conroy manufacturing Company, which was founded in the year of 1960, where it was established on a stagnant army base near Frankston, southeast of Melbourne. Initially the company was into the production of small-scale machinery and tools for the industry but it gradually shifted its operations to produced industrial paints, pre-fabricated garages and building materials, which gradually expanded in the 70s and the early 80s. the company consequently moved its head office in Dandenong, with the other established new operational units in Dandenong, Ballarat and west Sydney. However, the paint manufacturing department and the pre-fabricated unites have been ceased due to bad performance in the production. Finally, a new management team have been deployed that helped the company to adopt the Big data strategy and gradually started manufacturing consumer goods to keep up with the operations of the company, which included and electrical drill and car eng ine tuner. These were sold through do it yourself chains and hardware stores (Sethi and Zhang 2012). The statement of assumptions about the analysis Since the products, which have been manufactured previously had been successful in making its mark though the sales are comparatively smaller than in comparison to the other companies dealing with the same kind of product, the company grew confident enough and wishes to enter the market with a new product (Pettigrew 2014). The company decides to manufacture a new kind of advanced lawnmower with voice recognition system to alert and update the users. The estimated cost of research and development has been estimated to around $8 million and previously the market research and development of the design has already cost an amount of $2.5 million. Within the process, the company has decided to change the location of the production facility for the production of the lawnmower. The sites of production have been reduced to two. One of them is an old aerodrome and another one is an old textile mill that has been closed for two years. The textile mill would cost about $ 6 million for an immedia te purchase although the possession is a factor of probability in a couple of years, further more the mill requires further renovation, which would cost another $ 4 million. Since the mill requires a renovation, it is expected that the production would commence a year later. Therefore, if it is assumed that the product has been developed within the year of 2017, combining with possession and renovation, the production is likely to start in the year of 2019. However, if the development takes two years then the final production would carry out in the year of 2020. The probable factor that the estimated production in the Laverton site would cost about $ 24 million but the decision would be depended on the progress of the development (Zimmermann 2012). The key factors along with the approach The key factors that revolve around the case study have been briefly described. First, the both sites along with the investment that needs to be done as per the time being, including the facilities that would probably come along with the possession (Goodwin and Wright 2014). Second, the external factors that plays the significant role along with the incurring cost and the investment. The third factor is related to the investment and the time regarding the development of the product. The fourth factor is the concern of probability regarding the outcomes of the entire product development including the sales, the reimbursement of the investment that has been done as well as the prospect of the product in comparison to the competitors (Snyder and Diesing 2015). Fifth, in case the product does not meets the respective and the desired profitability what can be considered to recover the investment. The final and the most important factor that needs to be considered is the measurement of the entire flow of cash related to the entire project, including the success and the profitability that comes from entire project as well as the market response to the innovation (Yu 2013). The potential decisions, which will be taken based on the SMART analysis (Probabilities, Net value calculations and expected values) Scenario 1: Period Particulars 0 1 2 3 4 (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) Initial Investment: Research Development Cost 8 Modification of Prototype 0 Purchase of Campbellfield Site 6 Mill Equipping Cost 4 Conversion of Laverton Site 0 Total Initial Investment 18 Market Condition Normal Normal Normal Normal Net Cash Flow from Operation 16 16 16 16 Total Net Cash Flow -18 16 16 16 16 Cost of Capital 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Discounted Cash Flow -18.00 14.55 13.22 12.02 10.93 Net Present Value 32.72 Table 1: Net Present Value Sensitivity Analysis: Expected Values Cost of Capital Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Scenario 5 Scenario 6 (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) 5.00% 14.53 4.04 13.94 -0.41 2.34 -0.75 6.00% 14.04 3.88 13.43 -0.48 2.24 -0.80 7.00% 13.57 3.72 12.94 -0.55 2.14 -0.85 8.00% 13.12 3.57 12.47 -0.62 2.05 -0.89 9.00% 12.69 3.43 12.01 -0.68 1.97 -0.94 10% 12.27 3.29 11.57 -0.75 1.88 -0.98 11.00% 11.86 3.15 11.15 -0.81 1.80 -1.02 12.00% 11.47 3.02 10.74 -0.87 1.72 -1.06 13.00% 11.10 2.90 10.34 -0.92 1.65 -1.10 14.00% 10.73 2.78 9.96 -0.98 1.58 -1.13 15.00% 10.38 2.66 9.59 -1.03 1.51 -1.17 Fig2: Sensitivity Analysis Normal Scenario - 100% Site: Production from Expected Value: Probability 50% Campberfield Jan'18 $12.27M Cost $10M Good - 70% Completion Expected Value: Dec-17 $11.57M Probability 75% Cost $8M Probability 50% Site: New Product Development Laverton Production from Poor - 30% Cost $24M Jan'19 Expected Value: (-$0.75M) Site: Normal Scenario - 100% Probability 25% Completion Probability 50% Campberfield Production from Expected Value: Dec-18 Cost $10M Jan'19 $3.29M Cost $14.4M Good - 40% Probability 50% Site: Expected Value: Laverton Production from $1.88M Cost $24M Jan'20 Expected Value: (-$0.98M) Based on the facts and information as provided in the case study, the assumptions have been made accordingly to the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-oriented) method of analysis. The first scenario indicates the product development of Campbellfield site within December 2017. In this first scenario, initial investment needs $ 8 million and for purchasing Campbellfield site, the cost requires $ 6 million. Moreover, mill equipment cost was $ 4 million. However, for modifying prototype and for Laverton Site conversion, estimated costs were zero (Anderson et al. 2015). Hence, total amount of investment requires $ 18 million for initial level. Within this scenario1, the market condition is normal and the net present value is $ 32.72 million (Kacprzyk and Fedrizzi 2012). The probability to complete the product development of Campbellfield site is 75%, under scenario 1. Moreover, the probability to select the site is 50%. The cost for choosing this site is $10 million. Hence, expected value is $ 12.27 million. However, a project can continue for next year if it is not completed in the first year. For the second year, the research and development cost will be $ 8 mill ion. However, in the next year, the cost for modifying prototype will be $ 6.4 million. However, the cost for purchasing Campbellfirld Site and for conversing Laverton Site will remain same (Wild 2017). In the second year, the market conditions will remain normal. In the third scenario, product development of Laverton site is analyzed. The probability to complete the new product development of Laverton, within December 2017, is 75%. In this year, the initial amount of investment is $ 8 million. The conversion cost of this Laverton Site, is $ 24 million. However, other costs are zero. These other costs are modification of prototype; mill equipping cost and purchase of site are zero (Hwang and Lin 2012). These cost structure is equal for both good and poor market conditions (Xu 2015). However, for December 2018, the probability to develop new product is 25% for Laverton Site. In this year, the cost for research and development is $ 8 million. For modifying the prototype, the cost is $ 6.4 million. Moreover, the conversion of Laverton Site is $ 24 million. Here, the market condition is good. However, in the same year the market condition can be poor (Shields et al. 2015). The cost structure will remain same. From table 3, it can be said that, the totl probability of production is divided between two years. For the year 2017, the probability of completion is 75% and for the year 2018, the probability is 25%. Under 2017, the probability for site Campberfield is 50% and for LAverton, this probability is 50%. In this context, the probability to start production from the year 2018 is 100%. Here the expected values is $ 12.27 million. Based on the principles of SMART, the objectives have been clearly and briefly stated with the help of a chart. Specific Complete assurance regarding the successful completion of the prototype Complete reformation of the organizational operations related to the internal management such a strategic management, managing big data, understanding the flow of cash Identification and management of the flow of cash to manage and control the return of interest and the prospect of the company Understanding the liabilities of the failures, such as in case the product fails, what can be the necessary steps taken to mitigate the crisis, as well as the retrieval or the recovery of the invested capital Measurable The specific goal or the objectives related to the development of the product and the successful manufacturing can be measure with the month or yearly production report The sales and the further investigation of the product can be measure with the respective feedbacks and the sales report The objectives related to the return of the investment can be measured with the help of the yearly financial report and cash flow statement Achievable The achievable goals are to be attained using the marketing plan which is subjected to change over time depending on the effectiveness and the efficiency, based on the results The proper utilization of data for the progressive growth in the sales with help of effective planning also motivate the employees by using the methods of incentives and rewards Relevant The effective management of the staffs and the skilled workforce to help the in the production of the mower as well as proper utilization of the resources in the organization Proper understanding of the manufacturing expectations which does not exceeds the historical average and the ales coverage Time bound Calculation of the exact time of successfully creating the prototype of the mower as well as the managing of the extended research and synchronizing the time duration with the purchase of the other resources Effectively utilization and management of the time duration to prevent extensions and delays in the production due to last minute delays and rush Detailed discussions of the strengths and limitations of the analysis Based on the detailed analysis of Conroy manufacturing company the concern has been identified as well as the relevant suggestions have been provided. However, based on the analysis, there are certain strengths and limitations that can be defined and could delay the problem in actual application. First, the business plan is totally based on perception only the certainties of the issues that can possibly rise. Secondly, every complication is subjected to and highly dependent on the development of the product, such as the time divisions as well as the time taken for the development of the product, which is unpredictable and subject to a mere hypothetical calculation. Therefore, based on the circumstantial evidence, which is a possibility, the solution related to both the situations, is a considerable strength with limitation. Thirdly, even though the suggestions have been given in favor of the first site, based on the theories of management, the performance of the company in terms of p roduction is subjected to the activeness of the employees and the staffs (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2012). Fourthly, all the predictions that has been provided as an evidence are subject to changes depending on the effort of the company and its employees, including the management and the strategies. Fifth, the analysis that has been provided is a basic outline of the methods and the suggestions that can be used in the primary stage. However, this is subject to change based on the upcoming situations and scenarios, which the company might come across in the future. The limitation or potential bias One of significant limitation or a potential bias that the company has committed is the incorrect selections of the business that resulted in the blunder or the failure. The company did not engage in sufficient market research based on the requirements or the demands of the customers as well as the analysis of the competitors in the similar commercial activity. Some of the business like the manufacturing of paint and the pre-fabricated garage might have been successful but was completely subjected to the consumer demand (Solomon 2014). However, the diversification or the adoption of Big data was a limitation in terms of making an important decision but in the wrong phrase. Recommendations The suggestions can be given based on effectiveness and the practical management actions that can be taken at times of any crisis. The analysis have been done using the SMART method of analysis, which is one of the most crucial methods of evaluating the actions that can be taken by an organization to successfully mitigate any crisis as well as predict the possibilities of the desired outcomes. The practical recommendation that can be imparted to the company for the better performance is the careful selection of the product to amplify the sales and the business. The diversification or the adoption of Big data is certainly one of the vital methods to help a company generate financial gains over multiple business strategies but the relevancy of the business methodology needs to be precise and interrelated with each other (Marz and Warren 2015). The better performance and the productivity of the organization can be ensure of by the well management of the company and its managerial strate gies, since workforce or the staffs are one of the crucial factors that influences the prospects of the same (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Conclusion With the help of this report along with the analysis of the case study, it can be concluded that the Conroy manufacturing company has made good business and certain blunders due to the lesser and un-improvised methods of management. Even though certain strategies have been taken, that immensely helped the company to gather higher benefits in terms of financial gains. The analysis helps determine the possibilities and the certainties of the new business and the product that the company wishes to offer to its customers. With the further detailing, the limitations and the strengths includes the conceptual nature of the business methodology as well as its significance in terms of practical application. Reference: Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. and Cochran, J.J., 2015.An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013.Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Goodwin, P. and Wright, G., 2014.Decision Analysis for Management Judgment 5th ed. John Wiley and sons. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Hwang, C.L. and Lin, M.J., 2012.Group decision making under multiple criteria: methods and applications(Vol. 281). Springer Science Business Media. Hwang, C.L. and Masud, A.S.M., 2012.Multiple objective decision makingmethods and applications: a state-of-the-art survey(Vol. 164). Springer Science Business Media. Kacprzyk, J. and Fedrizzi, M. eds., 2012.Multiperson decision making models using fuzzy sets and possibility theory(Vol. 18). Springer Science Business Media. Marz, N. and Warren, J., 2015.Big Data: Principles and best practices of scalable realtime data systems. Manning Publications Co.. Pettigrew, A.M., 2014.The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Sethi, S.P. and Zhang, Q., 2012.Hierarchical decision making in stochastic manufacturing systems. Springer Science Business Media. Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016.Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., O'Leary, P., Robinson, J. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Snyder, G.H. and Diesing, P., 2015.Conflict among nations: Bargaining, decision making, and system structure in international crises. Princeton University Press. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Wild, T., 2017.Best practice in inventory management. Routledge. Xu, Z., 2015.Uncertain multi-attribute decision making: Methods and applications. Springer. Yu, P.L., 2013.Multiple-criteria decision making: concepts, techniques, and extensions(Vol. 30). Springer Science Business Media. Zimmermann, H.J., 2012.Fuzzy sets, decision making, and expert systems(Vol. 10). Springer Science Business Media. Zsambok, C.E., 2014.Naturalistic decision making. Psychology Press.